Grid-Connected Distributed Wind-Photovoltaic Energy Management: A Review

Energy management comprises of the planning, operation and control of both energy production and its demand. The wind energy availability is site-specific, time-dependent and nondispatchable. As the use of electricity is growing and conventional sources are depleting, the major renewable sources, like wind and photovoltaic (PV), have increased their share in the generation mix. The best possible resource utilization, having a track of load and renewable resource forecast, assures significant reduction of the net cost of the operation. Modular hybrid energy systems with some storage as back up near load center change the scenario of unidirectional power flow to bidirectional with the distributed generation. The performance of such systems can be enhanced by the accomplishment of advanced control schemes in a centralized system controller or distributed control. In grid-connected mode, these can support the grid to tackle power quality issues, which optimize the use of the renewable resource. The chapter aims to bring recent trends with changing requirements due to distributed generation (DG), summarizing the research works done in the last 10 years with some vision of future trends

Assessment of Knowledge and Practices on Rabies among Veterinary Staff in Cuttack City, Odisha

Background: Veterinarians and their staff are placed in the high-risk group of acquiring rabies due to the frequent exposure to rabid animals, experiences as a part of their routine job schedule. Research focusing on rabies control among veterinarians is very limited. This study attempts to assess the knowledge andpractices regarding rabies prevention and control among veterinary staff of Cuttack city.Objectives1. To assess the knowledge on rabies among veterinary staff2. To know the extent of pre- and post-exposure vaccination coverage against rabies among veterinary staff.Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was done among the government veterinary staff in Cuttack city from February to April, 2016. A pretested and predesigned questionnaire was used to collect the data by interviewing method.Results: Most of the surveyed veterinary individuals were aware of the disease rabies. Bite and saliva contact of rabid animals with open wound was known as mode of rabies transmission to 82.5% of the respondents. 42.5% of the study subjects used three or more personal protective measures while handling the animals. Of total 40 respondents, only 22.5% had taken full pre-exposure vaccination against rabies.Conclusion: Despite being a risk group of acquiring rabies because of their job, the total veterinary staff currently vaccinated fully either by pre or post-exposure with anti-rabies vaccine is very low. Proper education and awareness need to be provided to all the veterinary staff regarding seeking dog bite management and the need to take pre-exposure vaccine

Fast ICA for Blind Source Separation and its Implementation

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a statistical signal processing technique having emerging new practical application areas, such as blind signal separation such as mixed voices or images, analysis of several types of data or feature extraction. Fast independent component analysis (Fast ICA ) is one of the most efficient ICA technique. Fast ICA algorithm separates the independent sources from their mixtures by measuring non-gaussian. Fast ICA is a common method to identify aircrafts and interference from their mixtures such as electroencephalogram (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and electrocardiogram (ECG). Therefore, it is valuable to implement Fast ICA for real-time signal processing. In this thesis, the Fast ICA algorithm is implemented by hand coding HDL code. In addition, in order to increase the number of precision, the floating point (FP) arithmetic units are also implemented by HDL coding.To verify the algorithm, MATLAB simulations are also performed for both off line signal rocessing and real-time signal processing

Dynamic Economic Load Dispatch of Hydrothermal System

A Quasi Oppositional Gray Wolf Optimization (QOGWO) algorithm has been used in this work to decipher the economic load dispatch of hydrothermal system. Dynamic economic load dispatch problem involves scheduling of committed generators to meet the load demand with minimum fuel cost and several constraints which are dynamic in nature. It is basically short-term hydrothermal scheduling (STHS) problems through cascaded reservoirs. Instead of pseudo-random numbers quasi-opposite numbers are used to initialize population in the proposed QOGWO method so that the convergence rate of GWO increases. The viability of the projected approach is verified in three standard multi-chain cascaded hydrothermal systems with four interconnected hydro systems. The load and number of thermal units differ from one system to another. Water transportation delay between interconnected reservoirs, Valve Point Loading (VPL) have been considered in different combination in three cases. The technique put forth with established superior to many recent findings for the STHS problems with increased complexities

Impact of DFIG in Wind Energy Conversion System for Grid Disturbances

In this work, a grid-connected DoublyFed Induction Generator (DFIG) is studied for the transient and steady response. The vector control technique controls the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) of both the back-to-back converters interfacing rotor to the grid. Reactive power supply and DC bus voltage are managed by the grid-side inverter. Active power and rotor angular speed are adjusted by the machine side inverter facilitating power generation for varying wind. The effect of voltage and frequency deviation from the grid on the control is observed. The controllers are found to work satisfactorily except for large frequency variation. The current harmonics are also within the allowed limit. The proposed controllers are expected to satisfy the revised grid code for wind energy

Unified Dark Fluid and Cosmic Transit Models in Brans-Dicke Theory

Some dark energy cosmological models are constructed in the framework of a generalised Brans-Dicke theory which contains a self interacting potential and a dynamical coupling parameter. The dark sector of the universe is considered through a unified linear equation of state. The parameters of the unified dark fluid have been constrained from some physical basis. Since the universe is believed to have undergone a transition from an early deceleration to a late time acceleration, the deceleration parameter should have a signature flipping behaviour at the transition redshift. We have used a hybrid scale factor to simulate the dynamical behaviour of the deceleration parameter. Basing upon the observational constraints on the transition redshift, we have constructed four different transitioning dark energy models. The constructed models are confronted with observational data. For all the models, the behaviour of the dynamical scalar field, Brans-Dicke parameter, Self interacting potential are investigated. Also, on the basis of the generalised Brans-Dicke theory, we have estimated the time variation of the Newtonian gravitational constant.Comment: 17pages, 12 figure

Genetic Dissection of Grain Size Traits Through Genome-Wide Association Study Based on Genic Markers in Rice

Not AvailableGrain size plays a significant role in rice, starting from affecting yield to consumer preference, which is the driving force for deep investigation and improvement of grain size characters. Quantitative inheritance makes these traits complex to breed on account of several alleles contributing to the complete trait expression. We employed genome-wide association study in an association panel of 88 rice genotypes using 142 new candidate gene based SSR (cgSSR) markers, derived from yield-related candidate genes, with the efficient mixed-model association coupled mixed linear model for dissecting complete genetic control of grain size traits. A total of 10 significant associations were identified for four grain size-related characters (grain weight, grain length, grain width, and length-width ratio). Among the identified associations, seven marker trait associations explain more than 10% of the phenotypic variation, indicating major putative QTLs for respective traits. The allelic variations at genes OsBC1L4, SHO1 and OsD2 showed association between 1000-grain weight and grain width, 1000-grain weight and grain length, and grain width and length-width ratio, respectively. The cgSSR markers, associated with corresponding traits, can be utilized for direct allelic selection, while other significantly associated cgSSRs may be utilized for allelic accumulation in the breeding programs or grain size improvement. The new cgSSR markers associated with grain size related characters have a significant impact on practical plant breeding to increase the number of causative alleles for these traits through marker aided rice breeding programs.Not Availabl

Identification of simple sequence repeat markers linked to heat tolerance in rice using bulked segregant analysis in F2 population of NERICA-L 44 × Uma

The damage caused by high temperature is one of the most important abiotic stress affecting rice production. Reproductive stage of rice is highly susceptible to high temperature. The present investigation was undertaken to identify polymorphic microsatellite markers (SSR) associated with heat tolerance. The rice cultivars NERICA– L 44 (heat tolerant) and Uma (heat susceptible) were crossed to generate F1 and F2 populations. The F2 population was subjected to heat stress at >38°C and the 144 F2 plants were evaluated for their tolerance. The results note that the mean of the F2 population was influenced by the tolerant parent with regards to the traits of plant height, membrane stability index, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, evapotranspiration rate, pollen viability, spikelet fertility and 1000 grain weight. Ten each of the extremely susceptible and tolerant plants were selected based on the spikelet fertility percentage. Their DNA was pooled into tolerant and susceptible bulks and Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA) was carried out using 100 SSR markers to check for polymorphism. The survey revealed a polymorphism of 18% between the parents. RM337, RM10793, RM242, RM5749, RM6100, RM490, RM470, RM473, RM222 and RM556 are some of the prominent markers that were found to be polymorphic between the parents and the bulks. We performed gene annotation and enrichment analysis of identified polymorphic markers. Result revealed that the sequence specific site of that chromosome mostly enriched with biological processes like metabolic pathway, molecular mechanism, and subcellular function. Among that RM337 was newly reported marker for heat tolerance. Expression analysis of two genes corresponds to RM337 revealed that LOP1 (LOC_Os08g01330) was linked to high temperature tolerance in rice. The results demonstrate that BSA using SSR markers is useful in identifying genomic regions that contribute to thermotolerance